Education in the United States Essay

Education in the f all in all in States of America is g everyplacened by the Department of Education. There argon triplet different levels of control and musical accompaniment for humanity education federal, nation, and topical anesthetic. In the United States discipline is mandatory from Kindergarten through utmost shoal, consisting of thirteen different course levels. Students whoremaster obtain an education by attending a humans school, a private school, or a home school.In ready to ascertain that all learners obtain the academic knowledge needed to come through the grade levels, standardized tests argon given regardless of where a scholarly person obtains an education (United States Department of Education, 2005). Education in the United States is governed and funded in general by local jurisdictions, with the allege and federal governments supervising educational activities and ensuring that all local jurisdictions atomic number 18 administering standardized tests and obtaining the patronage needed to ope value refer to(predicate) educational facilities.The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states that all powers that are non assigned to the federal government by the United States Constitution are reserved to the people or the somebody states. As per the Tenth Amendment, the individual states control public education. Most states are divided into local jurisdictions that gain elected school boards that oversee the individual school regulates within its jurisdiction.The local school districts own and operate the public schools within its boundaries and are trusty for obtaining funding for each of the public schools they control (United States Constitution, Tenth Amendment, 1787). The majority of the funding for public education in the United States is obtained from local taxes and state governments. The federal government only provides 8. 5% of the gold for public education (National essence for Education Statis tics, 2008).There has been some controversy over the No tike left field Behind Act passed in 2001 which allows the federal government to carry funding if a state or local school district is non complying with the standards set forth in the No baby Left Behind Act. However, the funding withheld for non-compliance is not a significant amount (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001). There is a larger controversy over the local school districts obtaining funding primarily from local taxes.Local jurisdictions can impose many different types of taxes on its citizens. In the commonwealth of mom there has been controversy over the imposition of inscribe taxes and corporate taxes. call off taxes are taxes that are not property taxes or taxes that are compel based on statutory law. Corporate taxes are imposed on corporations within a certain jurisdiction that are paid to the local government. These taxes are in accessory to any federal or state taxes that the corporation is responsible for .Businesses in the commonwealth of milliampere are call for to pay natesly take up taxes on an accelerated basis ascrib satisfactory 15 days prior to the end of each quarter. The first quarter payment is 40% of the required annual excise tax, the second and tierce payments are 25% each, and the fourth payment is 10% of the excise tax. The stripped-down amount of corporate excise tax required of all corporations run within the commonwealth of mammy is $456 per year regardless of whether or not the corporation made a profit that year (The National compact of Independent Business, 2007).Chapter 70 Part 1, Title XII, Chapter 70 of the normal Laws of momma regulates the financial disbursements awarded to each public school district passim the commonwealth. The legislative intent of Chapter 70 is to assure fair and adequate minimum per scholar funding for public schools in the commonwealth by defining a foundation compute and a standard of local funding parkway applicable t o every city and town in the commonwealth (Chapter 70). Chapter 70 sets up rules on how to allocate the gold.These rules set standards on how the money provide be distributed if it is below a base amount or full(prenominal)er(prenominal) than a base amount. For example, in Section 13, Part B, the law states that if the amount appropriated is more than the base amount, property shall first be allocated to ensure that the state school aid for each municipality equals the base amount (Chapter 70). This part tries to ensure that an equal scattering is set to each school. Although this is only occurs when more money is available, it still sets the standard that each school leave alone at to the lowest degree get its base amount before other monetary resource are distributed.In the event that there are not enough funds to cover the base, a formula has been established to attempt to make the distribution fair. The amount is reduced by a constant amount per student. The rate is foun d by the difference between the base amount and the veritable amount divided by the total adjustment of the state (Chapter 70). Cambridge, mum Cambridge, mummy is a city right outside Boston, Massachusetts. Cambridge is famous for its deuce prominent universities Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.The public school system in Cambridge is controlled by the Cambridge public crop govern which consists of twelve elementary schools, of which football team extend through eighth grade. There is only one high school in the Cambridge mankind School partition, Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. The Cambridge macrocosm School District educates over 5,500 students every year with a project enrollment of 5,790 students for the 2008-2009 school year. The Cambridge open School District has a proposed calculate of $130,704,170. 00 for the 2008-2009 school year. This proposed budget has change magnitude 2.36% from the previous year. 75% of this proposed bud get will be allocated to the individual schools within the district. The remaining 25% of this budget will be spent on administrative costs such as maintenance and security. The Cambridge Public School District is funded through a material body of sources in addition to local taxes. The Cambridge Public School District receives funds from thirteen federal grants awarded by the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 11 private grants, eleven revolving funds, ten state grants, two district federal grants, and one state-circuit ledgeman reimbursement.These grants cast for $13,714,499 of the total funds needed to operate the schools within the Cambridge Public School District. The Cambridge Public School District also receives an average of $1,076 per student from Chapter 70 financial aid each year (Action Public Schools, 2006). newton, Massachusetts Newton, Massachusetts is a suburb of Boston that consists of thirteen small villages. The Newton Public School District controls the fifteen elementary schools, four middle(a) schools, and two high schools that are located in Newton, Massachusetts.The Newton Public School District educates an average of over 11,000 students each year throughout its twenty two public schools (Newton Public School District, 2008). The Newton Public School District has a proposed budget of $171,377,580 for the 2008-2009 school year. This proposed budget has increased 10. 5% from the previous year. According to this budget, the Newton Public School District spends $14,743 per student every year (Newton Public School District, 2008). The Newton Public School District is funded through a variety of sources in addition to local taxes.The Newton Public School District receives 55% of the tax generated by the City of Newton. The Newton Public School District also receives over $8. 6 one million million million dollars from federal, state, and private grants. Over $3 million dollars of the Newton Public School District budget is received from a program called Circuit Breaker which allocates special funds to school districts for extra special education courses. Federal, state, and private grants and the Circuit Breaker program account for almost $12 million dollars of the annual budget (Newton Public School District, 2006).The Newton Public School District also receives an average of $846 per student from Chapter 70 financial aid each year (Action Public Schools, 2006). Conclusions Allocating funds for public education in the United States is a complex process. wealth and more funds do not necessarily lead to great achievement by the students enrolled in the school district. Federal, state, and local jurisdictions must consider the most beneficial methods for allocating the educational funds available.These allocations are not equal and usually result in the more industrious neighborhoods receiving less funding from these sources, and incurring higher corporate taxes. The Newton Public School District receives less fun ding from external sources, and its businesses pay more corporate taxes. The allocated budget in the Newton Public School District is higher than the budget in Cambridge due to the fact that although the populations are similar, Newton operates twice as many educational facilities.. The Newton Public School District does not need the extra funds from external sources in order to clear up its budget. Although the dollar amounts indicate an dirty advantage for the residents of Cambridge, both school districts are able to meet their budgets and educate their students adequately. Although the corporate tax system and excise tax system in Massachusetts may seem unfair to its businesses and residents, the public school districts within Massachusetts (including Newton and Cambridge) are able to meet the budget requirements due to the Chapter 70 allocations.The purpose of Chapter 70 is to puddle equality amongst the school districts and ensure that the cities that receive less corporate and excise tax are still able to operate successful public school districts so that every child within the commonwealth of Massachusetts has the opportunity to receive a quality education.REFERENCESThe United States Census breast (2006). American FactFinder. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//factfinder. census. gov/ Action Public Schools (2006). Chapter 70 Aid Per Student High to Low. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//ab. mec. edu/about/Chapter70Aid/CH70PerStudentFY06.pdf Newton, Massachusetts (2008). 2008 Property Tax Rates. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//www. ci. newton. ma. us/Assessor/taxrate. htm Cambridge Massachusetts (2008). 2008 Property tax Rates. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//www. cambridgema. gov/CityOfCambridge_Content/documents/FY2008_Property_Tax_Update_Newsletter. pdf Newton Public School District (2008). General Information. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//www. newton. k12. ma. us Cambridge Public School District (2008). General Information. Retrieved April 1, 2008 from http//www. cpsd. us/index. cfm