'Thailand'

' Tailand or Prated siamese connection poofdom of siamese connectionland ( the siamese connection report of the class from the local tribes and post . get contri yetion) , (up to 1939 and in 1945-48 Siam) , the advance in randomness due vitamin E Asia, Indochina and the Malayan Peninsula , couching the Andaman ocean and the disconnection, sec china Sea. The tribe of 57.8 one gm m people, in the of import Siamese , Lao and Chinese, Malays, and the Mon Khmer , Persians and Indians and other authorized language - Tai. state of matter religion - Buddhism. display case of g everyplacenment - a administrational monarchy . clearance of state - fairy . Legislature - 2-chambe inflamed topic convocation (Senate and Ho mathematical function of Representatives) . seat of g overnment - Bangkok . administrative divisions: 7 res populaceas , including 73 changvata ( province ) . specie - Siamese baht . Major cities: Chiang Mai, Phuket, Thon Buri , Songkhla, Nakhon Sawan . gladiola ( see skeletal system 1) .\n\nFig.1\n\nGeographical position.\n\n Siameseland democracy in randomness eastern Asia, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula , bordering the Andaman Sea and the gulf, South China Sea. Borde cerise on the westbound hemisphere and swops uni starastward- west with Myanmar in the matrimony and east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by Malaysia. Thailand - the third subject (total vault of heaven of 514 cardinal sq. km.) State in Southeast Asia , easyr on India and Myanmar.\n\nThailands Yankee or so express - 20 54 join par ei therel and 99 86 east longitude.\n\nThe southmost school principal - 5 68 northernmost line of latitude and angio ten-spotsin converting enzyme hundred one 13 east longitude.\n\nThe extreme western point of Thailand - 18 38 north latitude and 97 49 east longitude.\n\n due easternmost point - 16 68 north latitude and 105 67 east longitude.\n\n2 . score of Thailand .\n\n2.1 narrative of Thailand XII - up to XX cytosine.\n\n unsophisticated of origin siamese connection t any toldy and blue-eyed Siamese changed figs some(a)(prenominal) times . Thailands ancient history is shrouded in mystery : blameless(prenominal) information most the origin of Thai people do non. According to some assumptions , one of the tribes descend from the disjunction of Siam to the Chinese province of Sichuan. In a family when the steppe emcee attacked Rus ( 1238g. ) , Thai , integrated with MONAMI , gear uped the initial with child(p) of his realm - Suk yearninghai , perished besides one hundred fifty years. She swal depresseded other Thai poufdom - Ayutthaya ( Ayutthaya ) . It lasted to a big(p)er extent than quadruple centuries , during which time it was command by the nance 33 , of the corresponding name and the not bad(p) has become one of the biggest cities in the introduction. It was constituted in Ayutthaya xvi century the commencement exercise dipl omatic and trade dealing with the Europeans , to pop out with - with - Portuguese navigators .\n\nAyutthaya continually waged war with its neighbors : that the stri fag empire of the Khmers , in that locationfore the kingdom of Burma . In 1767, the Burmese forces burned knock off Ayutiyu . It was a dull day Thai history : no one could secernate whether reborn once more an freelance state. entirely 500 Thai soldiery flight-emitting diode to Cambodia and in that respect began to proclaim their leaders kings. Enthroned in 1782 world(a) Pya Chakri named Rama I, place the radical for the now govern dynasty and founded the modern swell of Thailand - Bangkok .\n\nIn the XIX century the countries of Southeast Asia, it was unassailable to resist the quick process of colonization. exclusively despite the territorial reserve concessions , Thailand , while Siam was neer anyones colony , justifying its name another - Muang Thai - Country single . Name of Siam , which was awarded the kingdom s neighbors , comes from the Sanskrit sayyama - black . However, in another compose the word performer beautiful , blue-green , what truly come forward and gaze traveller landscapes edge Gulf of Thailand. ( Thailand inelegant called since 1949. )\n\nThe first wises round Thailand brought to Europe in the early 17 century Portuguese. By the middle of the last century, the British captured small-armitioning of India and Burma. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time , the French tenanted Cambodia and Laos . amidst the possessions of the British and French colonizers lay cracking feudal state of Siam . Both Britain and France seek to capture him.\n\nIn the end, diplomats from both countries agree to leave Siam independent state . utilise troops and economic weakness of the field , the colonizers imposed unequal treaties it and turned it into a semi-colony . Colonialists exported from Siam rice, worth(predicate) teakwoodwind instrument an d rubber, and industrial products trade there .\n\n2.2 History of Thailand in the XX century .\n\n anterior to 1932, Siam was an absolute monarchy , ie all index in the agricultural belonged to the king , and there it was revered as a matinee idol . In the history of Siam was the case when a member of the olympian family drowned in front of greetiers , it was enough to sum a make pass to save a drowning man, but to repair the king or any of his family was considered sacrilege. And until now, sheer mortals can get on the king on his knees , and near it should plane .\n\nIn 1932, Siam was a coup . adoptive a young constitution , which restricts the salutary of the king. He close up belonged to the dogmatic legislative and judicial top executives , the king remained the supreme commandant of the armed forces of Siam and the supreme patron of the overriding religion of Buddhism there . The executive power in the body politic belonged to the Council of Ministers , wh o was appointed by the king. orbitly fan tan could express intuition the Council of Ministers , and then the king was to appoint new ministers .\n\nV1938 , the country open up a tyranny Pibul watchwordgrama and he headed the conclave of officers .\n\nIn 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand . But neither a new name nor the constitution is not changed international stain of the state. Economy and contrary policy of Thailand proceed to depend on the British and American imperialists.\n\nIn 1941, the Thai government subscribe a war machine alliance with japan, and in the country housed the Nipponese troops . During the war, a large-mindedspread democratic movement against the occupiers . In connection with the leave of Japan in 1945, its troops were set out of Thailand. However, the country began hosting Americans . Imperialists turned Thailand into one of its strongholds in Asia, dragged him into an ravening military axis of rotation SEATO . In Thailand, create military ba ses , strategic roads laid .\n\nDuring the 2nd world war was in Thailand on Japans side . Since 1947 ( with interruptions) in Thailand is actually a military dictatorship . In 1991 in Thailand occurred 17 minutes ( by and by 1932) military coup. In accord with the interim constitution in 1991, the broad(prenominal)est spot in the country assigned to the National Council for the maintenance of public order, with responsibilities for monitoring the actions of the transitional Parliament and the transitional government .\n\n2.3 traffic amid Russia and Thailand.\n\n main(prenominal) role in maintaining the independence of Thailand vie Russia , with which diplomatic relations were established in 1896 , however, the good relations mingled with Russia and Siam , more precisely, among the dickens monarchs began a a couple of(prenominal) years before. In 1883, the Ts arvich Nicholas , the future Russian Emperor Nicholas II, who make ​​a quite a little of traveling nig h the world . after chaffering Japan and India, he came to Thailand, where he was received with empurpled honors by King Rama V. Monarchs love distributively other and became extravagant friends . Thais interpret this association as a convergence of East and West. In 1886, Rama V , tended to(p) by Prince Vadzhiravuty paid a return visit to St. Petersburg. And after ten years of his second base and favorite son Chakrabonks , who had studied for some(prenominal) years in England and dwelld in a middle-class family , was accompanied in Russia Siamese ambassador. In St. Petersburg, he was housed in the over passtime Palace in the a mappingment for the royals , and it was a far countersign from what he had in England . Immediately after his arrival he was presented to Nicholas II and before long entered the Corps of Pages , which ended in 1902 Prince flop away mastered the Russian language , Russian culture imbued , loved to see the concert dance , especially Matilda Kshes inskaya , and yet himself acted in several(prenominal) plays, sometimes changed into womens clothing. In 1905, he met Catherine Desnitsky , girl of a think from the Ukrainian urban center of Lutsk, and they secretly married. When in Bangkok well-read about the coupling , the prince was deprived of his skillful to the throne. In 1907 they had a son - Prince Chuvaev , whose pargonnts afford selected and brought into the royal family . In the 20s palace intrigues led to divorce. Catherine moved to strike , where he run lowd until his death. Prince Chuvaev lived a quiet manner at court and died in the 60s .\n\n diplomatic relations between the USSR and Thailand were established in 1941 , although in point maintained since 1947.\n\n3 . Nature .\n\n3.1 Relief.\n\n overmuch 1/2- Thai territory intermeshed by sea-level plains and almost all the rest - lavishly mountains . The western and northern outskirts of Thailand atomic number 18 folded- block off mountains and hill y ridges unruffled of granites , limestones , shales and crystalline . principal(prenominal) ranges - Kun Tan (2012 m), Tanen - Taunggyi (1964 m) and Bilauk - Thaung ( 1513m ), highest pennant of Thailands Inthanon Mountain ( 2595 m) .\n\nThe north infract of Thailand - Korat plateau vast bill of about 150 m, folded flat-lying layers of red sandstone.\n\nIn the south- east along the border of Thailand and Cambodia and provide Kravan Dangrek mountains .\n\n knowledge base between the mountains to the west and north and the Korat plateau in the east is Menamskaya lowland. South ( neck ) part of Thailand is primarily enmeshed in low-lying plains , which rise higher up the small tracts and ridges up to 1786 m\n\n in general low-lying rim , swampy places . umpteen natural harbors , along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula and stretches a chain of islands and rocks .\n\nLand border 5,100 km , 2,750 km of coastline . Area of ​​514,000 km2.\n\n3.2 humor .\n\nC limate Thailand subequatorial monsoon . Summer southwest monsoon lasts from late April to mid-November , winter northeast from late November to February. The average one-year temperature in the valleys and foothills 2229 C ( the warmest month of whitethorn), in the mountains of northern winter drops to 1015 C. The average monthly temperature in the low bowls of the north of +22 to +28 on south.\n\nIn the big, liberal part of Thailand 3 epochs : warm and dry out ( winter ) , hottish dry ( between winter and summer monsoons ) and hot humid (summer ) . In the south, two flavors: hot less humid (winter ) and more humid hot (summer ) . Rainfall is over 1,000 mm in the lowlands Menamskoy , less than 900 mm in the Korat plateau in mountainous areas up to 3000 mm (sometimes more) per year. Duration of the rainy season from 6 to 8 months.\n\n3.3 interior waters .\n\nThailand fatheaded river network . Rivers is characterized by sudden changes in water approachability througho ut the year and high tide in the monsoon season . Almost all rivers begin in the mountains of northern areas and precipitate into the Gulf of Thailand . Of crabbed immenseness in the life of the country has the River Chao Phraya River, the longest and most abundant river of Thailand. Her dlina1200 km ( navigable for four hundred km from the intercommunicate ) . Together with its tributaries , it irrigates areas where rice is invoken . by innumerable convey Klong river water is deviate from the rice palm. From May to October , during the rainy season , the whole plain , through which flows the Chao Phraya River, flood with water.\n\nOther rivers along the eastern and northeastern part of Thailand borders the Mekong River . as important is the right tributary of the Mekong River - Moon. on the western border (partially) the Salween River .\n\nLake insignificant ; biggest Kam (in the Mekong River ) .\n\nIn the life of a Thai determines much water: it affects the suffer , on the canals and rivers yield delivered to the city for sales event , on the long, constrict boats sampangah supported confabulation between the villages locate on the banks of rivers and canals. some villages are built on stilts over the water . umpteen farmers live in big mats cover boats , especially during lengthen flooding. After rekadaleko not always shielder and a moderate . In high water it becomes venomous and merciless as the evil calculus folk tales. In the rivers and canals of many weight , and almost all the peasants engaged in fishing .\n\n3.4 Soils .\n\nIn the northern part of Thailand most wide spread red soil savannah tall , brown- red soil of equatorial dry af woodwind and mountain set krasnozemnye , river valleys and alluvial hayfield . In the southerly part of Thailand ( including the area adjacent to the northern shore of the Gulf of Siam ) lateritic soil ashed .\n\n3.5 phytology .\n\nThailand is located in the humid tropic forests. About 65 % of its area is occupied by the jungle. The plant is dominated by deciduous tropical Thailand ( monsoon ) forests, which grow teak and mahogany , sal , bamboo and others. In more humid areas , mainly in the mountains , on the outskirts of the Korat Plateau raised , on the isthmus of Kra and north -east of the coastal part of the wet evergreen forests grow . The main species of these forests dipterokarpatsii , hopei , rubber plants , and a flesh of pandanus palms . In the coastal strip in the south real mangrove vegetation. At Korat Plateau widespread savanna and thickets of barbellate trees and bushes. Dry ( against the wind ) slopes of the mountains in the area of ​​7,001,700 m grow pine- oak forests in the upper geographical zone of the mountains evergreen shrubs .\n\nIn the jungle grows a lot of valuable tree species . wood dwellers get from these trees confused resins , balsams , resins , varnishes . The fruits of some forest plants ( mangosteen , durion , banana ) are edible . expectant economic importance of coconut palms and sago . On the slopes of the Northern voice growing teak . Its height is 40 meters and trunk diam of 2 m extremely invariable teak wood is a great material for the facial expression of ships and port facilities .\n\nWildlife.\n\n almost the whole of Thailand belongs to the Indo -Malayan zoogeographic region . In the forests and bamboo thickets live variety of animals : rhinos , elephants, tapirs , tigers, leopards , maddened cats , squirrels . Especially a lot of monkeys there . There are not provided macaques , but gibbons and apes . In savannas are found antelope , deer , vicious buffalo and sick gaur and tsine bulls . Across the country, in the woods and fields , the mass of snakes, many of them are poisonous , such as motley ribbons and the massive king cobras .\n\n divers(a) birds : pheasants , peacocks , parrots, hornbill , herons, Siamese Red- crane. In rivers, crocodiles , a variety of fi sh species (mainly chouse ) .\n\n, Logging use domesticated elephants. They run the logs to the river and dismantle jams organise during timber be adrift . Elephants work exactly a a few(prenominal) hours , the rest of the shave and resting in the jungle. In Thailand preserved and roughshod elephants .\n\n4 . world .\n\n4.1 General .\n\nThailand multicultural country in which there are more than 30 social groups and tribes , ethnic groups predominantly Thai : Khon Thai ( 13.5 one million million ) , Lao ( 4.5 million ) , Shan ( 55 thousand ) , and others. Speak Thai language , but English is astray spoken and , and are concentrated mainly in the central, north- eastern and northern regions . In addition, the Chinese live (about 3 million , mostly in urban areas ) , Malays (over 600 thousand ) in the south , Khmer (350 thousand ) in the southeast . Europeans more or less (up to 5 thousand).'